Spring: @Profile keeps environment-specific beans out of production

A bean annotated with a profile is only created when that profile is active.

Code

@Bean
@Profile("local")
DataSource h2() { return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().build(); }

@Bean
@Profile("!local")   // everything except local
DataSource mysql(DataSourceProperties props) { return props.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build(); }

Output

SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=local  -> in-memory H2
SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=prod   -> the real MySQL DataSource

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Published 2026-08-11